ENGLISH: The Ethical Foundations of the Prophetic Battles

Abstract

The paper discusses the code of ethics that ruled military conflicts throughout the prophetic era by claiming that the military conflicts were governed by a complex network of ethical codes of conduct that shifted the tribal warfare that existed before the Islamic faith. The paper identifies fundamental theories such as the divine necessity of defensive war, the absolute shield of non-combatants, firm forbids treachery and mutilation, and the requirement of justice and mercy even to the enemy through examination of some of the most significant wars in the history of the Islamic faith: Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq. Comparative analysis reveals a lot of convergences with contemporary Just War Theory and International Humanitarian Law, but what is also mentioned are the theocentric differences. The article also concerns the historical and modern misunderstandings of this tradition and concludes that the prophetic model provides a crucial and indigenous asset to inform the contemporary thinking of Muslims on the conflict system, to challenge the extremist discourses, and to deepen the world discourses on the morality of wars.