URDU دستور العمل دیوانی قلات مجریہ 1952ء کاتاریخی و تنقیدی جائزہ

A Historical and Critical Review of the Qalat State Administrative Regulations, Promulgated in 1952

Abstract

Kalat is an ancient region in which various dynasties have ruled over time. However, with the accession of Mir Ahmad Khan I in 1666, the Ahmadzai dynasty laid the foundation of the State of Kalat. This dynasty ruled for approximately 281 years. In the early period of the state, hereditary judges (Qazis) were appointed to resolve disputes. These Qazis adjudicated civil cases, while criminal cases were decided by a tribal Jirga, which functioned at three different levels. In 1933, with the accession of Mir Ahmad Yar Khan, a process of reforms began in the state. In 1936, he introduced a Civil Procedure Code for Qazis, and in 1939, an appellate court was established under the name of the Ministry of Education (Wazarat-e-Ma‘arif). In 1952, amendments were made to the Civil Procedure Code of Kalat and it was formally enforced. With minor modifications, this code is still in force today in the former state areas.